Benedictus de Spinoza was born on November 24, 1632[1], in Amsterdam[2]. He died on February 21, 1677[3], in The Hague[4]. He worked as a philosopher[5], Bible translator[6], grinder of lenses[7], political scientist[8], and grammarian[9]. He ranks in the top 0.43% of human entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (32,899 views/month, #4,346 of 1,000,298).[10]
Influenced by: René Descartes[28], Parmenides[29], Moshe ben Maimon[30], Xenophanes[31], Niccolò Machiavelli[32], Ibn Tufayl[33], Nicolas Malebranche[34], Giordano Bruno[35], Francis Bacon[36], Thomas Hobbes[37], Averroes[38], Democritus[39], Epicurus[40], Lucretius[41]
Topic's main category: Category:Baruch Spinoza[51]
Product Details
The following facts are restated verbatim from public-domain and CC0 open-data sources — every line is independently verifiable against the named source's catalog.
Things named for Benedictus de Spinoza include Spinozism[58], pantheism controversy[59], and Spinoza Prize[60].
Why It Matters
Benedictus de Spinoza has Wikipedia articles in 29 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[61] He is known by 160 alternative names across languages and contexts.[62]
He has been cited as an influence by Albert Einstein[63], a theoretical physicist[64], 1879–1955[65], of Kingdom of Württemberg[66], awarded the Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science[67], specialised in theoretical physics[68]; Friedrich Nietzsche[69], a philosopher[70], 1844–1900[71], of Kingdom of Prussia[72], specialised in classical philology[73]; Immanuel Kant[74], a philosopher[75], 1724–1804[76], of Kingdom of Prussia[77], specialised in epistemology[78]; Arthur Schopenhauer[79], a university teacher[80], 1788–1860[81], of Kingdom of Prussia[82], specialised in metaphysics[83]; Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel[84], a philosopher[85], 1770–1831[86], of Kingdom of Württemberg[87], awarded the Order of the Red Eagle 3rd Class[88], specialised in philosophy[89]; and Bertrand Russell[90], a mathematician[91], 1872–1970[92], of United Kingdom[93], awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature[94], specialised in set theory[95].
Works attributed to him include Ethics[96], Tractatus Theologico-Politicus[97], Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione[98], Tractatus Politicus[99], Principia philosophiae cartesianae[100], and Epistolae, Correspondence of Benedict de Spinoza[101]. Entities named for him include Spinozism[58], pantheism controversy[59], and Spinoza Prize[60].
Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.
APA4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Benedictus de Spinoza. Retrieved October 10, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/benedictus-de-spinoza
BibTeX@misc{4ortxyz_benedictus-de-spinoza_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Benedictus de Spinoza}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/benedictus-de-spinoza}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-10}}
LLM promptAccording to 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph (aggregator of Wikidata, Wikipedia, and authoritative open-data sources): Benedictus de Spinoza — https://4ort.xyz/entity/benedictus-de-spinoza (retrieved 2026-10-10)
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