Punjabi

Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India
Intangible modern_language Q58635
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Summary

Punjabi is a modern language[1]. Punjabi draws 16,329 Wikipedia views per month (modern language category, ranking #6 of 43).[2]

Key Facts

  • Ethnic group: Punjabis[3]
  • Located in the administrative territorial entity: Azad Kashmir[4], Jammu and Kashmir[5], West Bengal[6], Punjab[7], Haryana[8], Delhi[9], Islamabad Capital Territory[10]
  • Country: Pakistan[11], India[12], United Kingdom[13], Kenya[14], Malaysia[15], South Africa[16], Bangladesh[17], People's Republic of China[18], Canada[19], Thailand[20], Fiji[21], Afghanistan[22], Saudi Arabia[23], United Arab Emirates[24]
  • Instance of: natural language[25], language[26]
  • Named after: Punjab[27]
  • Location: Punjab[28], Kashmir[29]
  • Subclass of: Punjabi dialects and languages[30]
  • Writing system: Shahmukhi[31], Gurmukhi[32], Mahajani[33], Urdu orthography[34], Informal Roman Urdu[35], Devanagari[36], Punjabi Braille[37]
  • Part of: Schedule languages of India[38]
  • Commons category: Punjabi language[39]
  • Wikimedia language code: pnb[40], pa[41]
  • Said to be the same as: Western Punjabi[42], Lehndi[43], Eastern Punjabi[44]
  • Topic's main category: Category:Punjabi language[45]
  • Language regulatory body: Department of Languages, Punjab[46], Punjab Institute of Language, Art, and Culture[47]
  • Number of speakers, writers, or signers: 125,000,000[48]
  • Described by source: Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary[49], Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary[50], Punjabi-English Dictionary[51]

Body

Influence

Things named for Punjabi include Punjabi University[52], a university[53], in India[54], founded in 1962[55].

Why It Matters

Punjabi has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[56] Punjabi is known by 120 alternative names across languages and contexts.[57]

Entities named for Punjabi include Punjabi University[52], a university[53], in India[54], founded in 1962[55].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [11] ↑ . dawn.com. Retrieved . dawn.com. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  2. [12] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  3. [13] ↑ . A law unto themselves? An acoustic phonetic study of 'tonal' consonants in British Punjabi. wikidata.org.
  4. [14] ↑ . Mungu Comrade. wikidata.org.
  5. [15] ↑ . Malay borrowings in the Punjabi language. wikidata.org.
  6. [16] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  7. [17] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  8. [18] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  9. [19] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  10. [20] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  11. [21] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  12. [22] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  13. [23] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  14. [24] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  15. [25] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  16. [26] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  17. [4] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  18. [5] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  19. [6] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  20. [7] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  21. [8] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  22. [9] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  23. [10] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  24. [27] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  25. [3] ↑ . papers.ssrn.com. Retrieved . papers.ssrn.com. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  26. [28] ↑ . Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar. wikidata.org.
  27. [29] ↑ . Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar. wikidata.org.
  28. [30] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  29. [31] ↑ . Punjabi Stop Words: A Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi and Roman Scripted Chronicle. wikidata.org.
  30. [32] ↑ . Punjabi Stop Words: A Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi and Roman Scripted Chronicle. wikidata.org.
  31. [33] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  32. [34] ↑ . Gulshan-e-Urdu. wikidata.org.
  33. [35] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  34. [36] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  35. [37] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  36. [38] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  37. [39] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  38. [40] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  39. [41] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  40. [42] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  41. [43] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  42. [44] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  43. [45] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  44. [46] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  45. [47] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  46. [48] ↑ . m.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved . m.tribuneindia.com. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  47. [49] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  48. [50] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  49. [51] ↑ . wikidata.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

  1. [52] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site

Inline context (facts about related entities)

  1. [53] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [54] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [55] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site

Class ancestry

  1. [1] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org.

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [2] ↑ . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [56] ↑ . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [57] ↑ . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

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Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Punjabi. Retrieved October 16, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/punjabi
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BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_punjabi_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Punjabi}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/punjabi}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-16}}
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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 5d ago · MatSuBot bot · 2026-10-13 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Wikipedia languages → ['af', 'am', 'an', 'anp', 'ar', 'arz', 'as', 'ast', 'awa', 'az', 'azb', 'ba', 'b
    Sitelink count → 144
    Claims rich → —
    "/* wbeditentity-update-languages-short:0||tum, isv */ import labels from sitelinks"
  2. 8w ago · Lucidieaux · 2026-08-21 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14692 → Carl Ramos, Pirmin Zurbriggen
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/48942|batch #48942]]: Add OSM wiki item IDs to items with matching OSM keys"
  3. 9w ago · Yapy28 · 2026-08-16 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Wordnet 3.1 synset id → 06984279-n
    Interlingual index id → i73251
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/47826|batch #47826]]: OEWN"
  4. 10w ago · Penguin112358 · 2026-08-08 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Linguistic typology → subject–object–verb, fusional language, tonal language +2
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Linguistic typology: split ergativity"
  5. 10w ago · Tcyrus0 · 2026-08-04 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Imdb interest id → in0000231
    Ietf language tag → pan, pa
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Ietf language tag: pa"
  6. 21w ago · Twofivesixbot bot · 2026-05-20 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Nci thesaurus id → C154075
    "/* wbsetclaim-update-qualifiers:1||1|12 */ Yso id: 21328, mv to monolingual text names on YSO statements"
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