Max Horkheimer

German philosopher and sociologist (1895–1973)

Person Human Q76826

Facts

25 properties

Instance of: human
Sex or gender: male^[34]
Date of birth: February 14, 1895, 1895^[11]
Date of death: July 7, 1973
Place of birth: Stuttgart, Zuffenhausen^[10]
Place of death: Nuremberg
Country of citizenship: Germany, United States^[13]^[14]
Occupation: philosopher, pedagogue, sociologist, university teacher, literary critic
Employer: Goethe University Frankfurt, Columbia University, University of Chicago^[18]^[19]^[20]
Field of work: philosophy, social theory, Age of Enlightenment^[15]^[16]^[17]
Educated at: LMU Munich, Goethe University Frankfurt, Dillmann-Gymnasium Stuttgart, University of Freiburg^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]
Award received: honorary citizen of Frankfurt am Main, Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt, Goethe-Plakette des Landes Hessen, Bürgermedaille der Stadt Stuttgart^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]
Notable work: Gesammelte Schriften, Dialectic of Enlightenment, Eclipse of Reason^[27]^[28]^[29]
Father: Moritz Horkheimer^[12]
Doctoral advisor: Hans Cornelius^[25]
Doctoral student: Alfred Schmidt^[36]
Languages spoken, written or signed: German, English
Archives at: University Library Johann Christian Senckenberg, University Library Johann Christian Senckenberg^[37]
Described by source: Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (19 ed.), Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978), NDB-online^[40]^[41]^[42]
Family name: Horkheimer^[38]
Given name: Max^[39]
Movement: Frankfurt School^[35]
Name in native language: Max Horkheimer
Student: Jürgen Habermas^[26]

Show all 25 facts +1

Writing language: German

🏷️ Also known as

en Max Horkheimer ar ماكس هوركهايمر el Μαξ Χορκχάιμερ es Horkheimer fa ماکس هورکهایمر fa هورکهایمر he הורקהיימר he מקס הורקהיימר ja ホルクハイマー ja マックス・ホルクハイマー ko 막스 호르크하이머 pl Horkheimer ro Horkheimer ru Хоркхаймер М. ru Макс Хоркхаймер ru Хоркхаймер ru Хоркхаймер Макс ru Хоркхаймер, Макс sv Horkheimer tr Horkheimer

🔖 Identifiers · 165

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Library of Congress Authorities ID: n80009998
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Image (Wikimedia Commons): AdornoHorkheimerHabermasbyJeremyJShapiro2.png ↗
A Dictionary of Sociology entry ID: 1027
AbART person ID: 145647
Academic Tree ID: 67281
Academy of Athens authority ID: 46583
Amazon author ID: B004567P8K
Angelicum ID: 12809
Apple Music artist ID: 300618887

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Article ID in the Lithuanian Universal Encyclopedia Online: max-horkheimer
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NDL Authority ID: 00443750
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NSK ID: 981005673053709366
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Open Library subject ID: person:max_horkheimer_(1895-1973)
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OpenEdition Books author ID: %5B%3F%5D max horkheimer
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Parsifal cluster ID: 118623
Perlentaucher ID: max-horkheimer
Persée author ID: 232116
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PhilPapers topic: max-horkheimer
Philosophica ID: horkheimer/Horkheimer
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Pontificia Università della Santa Croce ID: 38144
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Quora topic ID: Max-Horkheimer
RERO ID (legacy): A003383105
RILM ID: 115207
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Tabakalera ID: 79039
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Topic's main category: Category:Max Horkheimer
Treccani ID: max-horkheimer
Treccani's Dizionario di Filosofia ID: max-horkheimer
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Unione Romana Biblioteche Scientifiche ID: 48704, 324276
University of Barcelona authority ID: 981058513042106706
University of Barcelona authority ID (former scheme): a1241903
Vatican Library ID (former scheme): ADV10238518
Vatican Library VcBA ID: 495/168161
WikiTree person ID: Horkheimer-1
Wolfram Language entity code: Entity["Person", "MaxHorkheimer::j3qvc"]
WorldCat Entities ID: E39PBJrm3b6vQ6RkCFbp8Rx7HC
Yale LUX ID: person/be2a3dbb-fac7-4c29-afc8-1d890759d4f3

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🔗 Connections

Occupation 5

philosopher, pedagogue, sociologist, university teacher, literary critic

Award received 3

Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt, Goethe-Plakette des Landes Hessen, honorary citizen of Frankfurt am Main

Educated at 3

LMU Munich, Goethe University Frankfurt, University of Freiburg

Employer 3

Columbia University, University of Chicago, Goethe University Frankfurt

Field of work 3

philosophy, Age of Enlightenment, social theory

Influenced 3

Jürgen Habermas, Theodor W. Adorno, Axel Honneth

Archives at 2

University Library Johann Christian Senckenberg, University Library Johann Christian Senckenberg

Country of citizenship 2

United States, Germany

Languages spoken, written or signed 2

English, German

Notable work 2

Dialectic of Enlightenment, Eclipse of Reason

Place of birth 2

Stuttgart, Zuffenhausen

Works by author 2

Dialectic of Enlightenment, Eclipse of Reason

Doctoral advisor 1

Hans Cornelius

Doctoral advisors 1

Hans Cornelius

Doctoral student 1

Alfred Schmidt

Doctoral students 1

Alfred Schmidt

FactGrid item ID 1

Huntsville

Given name 1

Max

Instance of 1

human

Movement 1

Frankfurt School

Place of death 1

Nuremberg

Sex or gender 1

male

Student 1

Jürgen Habermas

Students 1

Jürgen Habermas

Writing language 1

German

← Discoverer or inventor 1

critical sociology

← SNARC ID 1

Wycombe

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Summary

Max Horkheimer was born on February 14, 1895^[1], in Stuttgart^[2]. He died on July 7, 1973^[3], in Nuremberg^[4]. He worked as a philosopher^[5], pedagogue^[6], sociologist^[7], university teacher^[8], and literary critic^[9].

Why It Matters

Max Horkheimer has been cited as an influence by Jürgen Habermas^[43], a sociologist^[44], 1929–2026^[45], of Germany^[46], awarded the Geschwister-Scholl-Preis^[47], specialised in philosophy^[48]; Theodor W. Adorno^[49], a philosopher^[50], 1903–1969^[51], of United States^[52], awarded the Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt^[53], specialised in philosophy^[54]; and Axel Honneth^[55], a philosopher^[56], b. 1949^[57], of Germany^[58], awarded the Ernst Bloch Award^[59].

He is credited with the discovery of critical sociology^[60], a branch of sociology^[61]. Works attributed to him include Dialectic of Enlightenment^[62], a literary work^[63], founded in 1944^[64] and Eclipse of Reason^[65], a written work^[66], founded in 1947^[67].

His notable doctoral advisees include Alfred Schmidt^[68], a philosopher^[69], 1931–2012^[70], of Germany^[71], awarded the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany^[72].

FAQs

Where was Max Horkheimer born?

Max Horkheimer was born in Stuttgart^[2].

Where did Max Horkheimer die?

Max Horkheimer died in Nuremberg^[4].

Who were Max Horkheimer's parents?

Max Horkheimer's father was Moritz Horkheimer^[12].

What did Max Horkheimer do for work?

Max Horkheimer worked as a philosopher^[5], pedagogue^[6], sociologist^[7], university teacher^[8], and literary critic^[9].

Where did Max Horkheimer go to school?

Max Horkheimer was educated at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München^[21], Goethe University Frankfurt^[22], Dillmann-Gymnasium Stuttgart^[23], and University of Freiburg^[24].

What awards did Max Horkheimer receive?

Honors received include honorary citizen of Frankfurt am Main^[30], Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt^[31], Goethe-Plakette des Landes Hessen^[32], and Bürgermedaille der Stadt Stuttgart^[33].

Who did Max Horkheimer influence?

Max Horkheimer has been cited as an influence by Jürgen Habermas^[43], Theodor W. Adorno^[49], and Axel Honneth^[55].

What did Max Horkheimer discover?

Max Horkheimer is credited as discoverer of critical sociology^[60].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

[2] ↑ Max Horkheimer — place of birth (P19): Stuttgart. Integrated Authority File. Retrieved 2014-12-10. wikidata.org.
[10] ↑ Max Horkheimer — place of birth (P19): Zuffenhausen. wikidata.org.
[4] ↑ Max Horkheimer — place of death (P20): Nuremberg. Integrated Authority File. Retrieved 2014-12-30. wikidata.org.
[34] ↑ Max Horkheimer — sex or gender (P21): male. BeWeB. Retrieved 2021-02-13. wikidata.org.
[12] ↑ Max Horkheimer — father (P22): Moritz Horkheimer. wikidata.org.
[13] ↑ Max Horkheimer — country of citizenship (P27): Germany. wikidata.org.
[14] ↑ Max Horkheimer — country of citizenship (P27): United States. wikidata.org.
[21] ↑ Max Horkheimer — educated at (P69): Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. wikidata.org.
[22] ↑ Max Horkheimer — educated at (P69): Goethe University Frankfurt. wikidata.org.
[23] ↑ Max Horkheimer — educated at (P69): Dillmann-Gymnasium Stuttgart. wikidata.org.
[24] ↑ Max Horkheimer — educated at (P69): University of Freiburg. Retrieved 2019-07-08. wikidata.org.
[15] ↑ Max Horkheimer — field of work (P101): philosophy. wikidata.org.
[16] ↑ Max Horkheimer — field of work (P101): social theory. wikidata.org.
[17] ↑ Max Horkheimer — field of work (P101): Age of Enlightenment. wikidata.org.
[5] ↑ Max Horkheimer — occupation (P106): philosopher. BeWeB. Retrieved 2021-02-13. wikidata.org.
[6] ↑ Max Horkheimer — occupation (P106): pedagogue. wikidata.org.
[7] ↑ Max Horkheimer — occupation (P106): sociologist. Integrated Authority File. Retrieved 2026-04-20. wikidata.org.
[8] ↑ Max Horkheimer — occupation (P106): university teacher. Integrated Authority File. Retrieved 2026-04-20. wikidata.org.
[9] ↑ Max Horkheimer — occupation (P106): literary critic. wikidata.org.
[18] ↑ Max Horkheimer — employer (P108): Goethe University Frankfurt. wikidata.org.
[19] ↑ Max Horkheimer — employer (P108): Columbia University. wikidata.org.
[20] ↑ Max Horkheimer — employer (P108): University of Chicago. wikidata.org.
[35] ↑ Max Horkheimer — movement (P135): Frankfurt School. wikidata.org.
[30] ↑ Max Horkheimer — award received (P166): honorary citizen of Frankfurt am Main. wikidata.org.
[31] ↑ Max Horkheimer — award received (P166): Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt. wikidata.org.
[32] ↑ Max Horkheimer — award received (P166): Goethe-Plakette des Landes Hessen. wikidata.org.
[33] ↑ Max Horkheimer — award received (P166): Bürgermedaille der Stadt Stuttgart. wikidata.org.
[25] ↑ Max Horkheimer — doctoral advisor (P184): Hans Cornelius. wikidata.org.
[36] ↑ Max Horkheimer — doctoral student (P185): Alfred Schmidt. The Concept of Nature in Marx. wikidata.org.
[37] ↑ Max Horkheimer — archives at (P485): University Library Johann Christian Senckenberg. kalliope-verbund.info. kalliope-verbund.info. Provenance: wikidata.org.
[1] ↑ Max Horkheimer — date of birth (P569): February 14, 1895. Integrated Authority File. Retrieved 2014-04-09. wikidata.org.
[11] ↑ Max Horkheimer — date of birth (P569): 1895. wikidata.org.
[3] ↑ Max Horkheimer — date of death (P570): July 7, 1973. Integrated Authority File. Retrieved 2014-04-09. wikidata.org.
[38] ↑ Max Horkheimer — family name (P734): Horkheimer. BeWeB. Retrieved 2021-02-13. wikidata.org.
[39] ↑ Max Horkheimer — given name (P735): Max. International Standard Name Identifier. Retrieved 2015-08-14. wikidata.org.
[27] ↑ Max Horkheimer — notable work (P800): Gesammelte Schriften. wikidata.org.
[28] ↑ Max Horkheimer — notable work (P800): Dialectic of Enlightenment. wikidata.org.
[29] ↑ Max Horkheimer — notable work (P800): Eclipse of Reason. wikidata.org.
[26] ↑ Max Horkheimer — student (P802): Jürgen Habermas. wikidata.org.
[40] ↑ Max Horkheimer — described by source (P1343): Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (19 ed.). wikidata.org.
[41] ↑ Max Horkheimer — described by source (P1343): Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978). wikidata.org.
[42] ↑ Max Horkheimer — described by source (P1343): NDB-online. Deutsche Biographie. Retrieved 2026-11-02. wikidata.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

Inline context (facts about related entities)

[44] ↑ Jürgen Habermas — P106: sociologist. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[45] ↑ Jürgen Habermas — P569: 1929–2026. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[46] ↑ Jürgen Habermas — P27: Germany. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[47] ↑ Jürgen Habermas — P166: Geschwister-Scholl-Preis. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[48] ↑ Jürgen Habermas — P101: philosophy. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[50] ↑ Theodor W. Adorno — P106: philosopher. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[51] ↑ Theodor W. Adorno — P569: 1903–1969. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[52] ↑ Theodor W. Adorno — P27: United States. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[53] ↑ Theodor W. Adorno — P166: Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[54] ↑ Theodor W. Adorno — P101: philosophy. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[56] ↑ Axel Honneth — P106: philosopher. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[57] ↑ Axel Honneth — P569: b. 1949. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[58] ↑ Axel Honneth — P27: Germany. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[59] ↑ Axel Honneth — P166: Ernst Bloch Award. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[61] ↑ critical sociology — P31: branch of sociology. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[63] ↑ Dialectic of Enlightenment — P31: literary work. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[64] ↑ Dialectic of Enlightenment — P571: 1944. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[66] ↑ Eclipse of Reason — P31: written work. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[67] ↑ Eclipse of Reason — P571: 1947. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[69] ↑ Alfred Schmidt — P106: philosopher. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[70] ↑ Alfred Schmidt — P569: 1931–2012. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[71] ↑ Alfred Schmidt — P27: Germany. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
[72] ↑ Alfred Schmidt — P166: Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site

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APA

4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Max Horkheimer. Retrieved November 7, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/max-horkheimer

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BibTeX

@misc{4ortxyz_max-horkheimer_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Max Horkheimer}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/max-horkheimer}, note = {Accessed: 2026-11-07}}

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Canonical URL: https://4ort.xyz/entity/max-horkheimer · Last refreshed: November 7, 2026

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Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

6d ago · Printstream · 2026-11-02 view diff on Wikidata ↗

Described by source → Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (19 ed.), Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978), NDB-online

"Changed the item: QuickStatements 3.0 batch #63392: add described by source NDB and NDB-online (2/2)"
22d ago · OKA bot bot · 2026-10-17 view diff on Wikidata ↗

"source for place of birth, source for place of death, source for date of birth, source for date of death from Store norske leksikon ([[Wik"
4w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-10-08 view diff on Wikidata ↗

NLB authority ID (Belarus) → SEK-285146

"Created claim: NLB authority ID (Belarus): SEK-285146, batch #289805"
5w ago · Printstream · 2026-10-04 view diff on Wikidata ↗

LEO-BW person (GND) ID → 118553615

"Changed the item: QuickStatements 3.0 batch #57570: Import LEO-BW ID"
7w ago · Printstream · 2026-09-15 view diff on Wikidata ↗

Hessian Biography person ID → 2586

"Changed the item: QuickStatements 3.0 batch #54302: migrate GND to own IDs"
17w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-07-10 view diff on Wikidata ↗

Pontifical Urbaniana University ID → 95671

"Created claim: Pontifical Urbaniana University ID: 95671, batch #260288"
19w ago · Printstream · 2026-06-26 view diff on Wikidata ↗

FES digital collections entity ID → 354077

"Created claim: FES digital collections entity ID: 354077, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1782462304762"
20w ago · Yirba · 2026-06-20 view diff on Wikidata ↗

Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026) → 1UjkD4

"Changed the item: QuickStatements 3.0 batch #37444: Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026) (Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)) 2"
21w ago · Jindřich Rubeš · 2026-06-12 view diff on Wikidata ↗

SVKKL authority ID → 0317056-Regius-Heinrich-18951973, 0276730-Horkheimer-Max-18951973

"Added qualifier: Subject named as: Regius, Heinrich, 1895-1973, batch #259547"
25w ago · RVA2869 · 2026-05-16 view diff on Wikidata ↗

Described by source → Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (19 ed.), Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978), NDB-online

"Changed the item: QuickStatements 3.0 batch #31868: Remove redundant described by source (P1343) - ID P8044 is present."
26w ago · Bargioni · 2026-05-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗

"Changed the item: QuickStatements 3.0 batch #30469: add P1810 to P5739 3/3"

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