Ludwik Fleck

Polish physician (1896–1961)
Person human Q523087
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Summary

Ludwik Fleck was born on July 11, 1896[1], in Lviv[2]. He died on June 5, 1961[3], in Ness Ziona[4]. He worked as a biologist[5], immunologist[6], physician[7], sociologist[8], and philosopher[9]. He ranks in the top 0.73% of human entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (709 views/month, #7,259 of 1,000,298).[10]

Key Facts

  • Place of death: Jaffa[11]
  • Country of citizenship: Poland[12]
  • Occupation: university teacher[13], writer[14], microbiologist[15], scientist[16]
  • Field of work: philosophy[17], immunology[18], biology[19], history[20], microbiology[21], medicine[22], philosophy of science[23], philosophy of medicine[24], serology[25]
  • Employer: Lviv University[26]
  • Educated at: Lviv University[27], Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University[28]
  • Award received: Polish State Award[29], Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland[30], Officer of the Order of Polonia Restituta[31]
  • Member of: Polish Academy of Sciences[32]
  • Sex or gender: male[33]
  • Cause of death: myocardial infarction[34]
  • Family name: Fleck[35]
  • Given name: Ludwik[36]
  • Work location: Lublin[37], Warsaw[38]
  • Manner of death: natural causes[39]
  • Languages spoken, written or signed: Polish[40], German[41], Ukrainian[42]
  • Name in native language: Ludwik Fleck[43]
  • Place of detention: Auschwitz[44], Buchenwald concentration camp[45]
  • Copyright representative: reproduction right represented by CISAC-member[46]
  • Copyright status as a creator: works protected by copyrights[47]

Body

Works and Contributions

Things named for Ludwik Fleck include Ludwik Fleck Prize[48], an award[49], founded in 1992[50].

Why It Matters

Ludwik Fleck has Wikipedia articles in 15 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[51] He is known by 27 alternative names across languages and contexts.[52]

He has been cited as an influence by Thomas Kuhn[53], a physicist[54], 1922–1996[55], of United States[56], awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship[57], specialised in philosophy of science[58].

Entities named for him include Ludwik Fleck Prize[48], an award[49], founded in 1992[50].

FAQs

Where was Ludwik Fleck born?

Ludwik Fleck's place of birth was Lviv[2].

Where did Ludwik Fleck die?

Ludwik Fleck died in Ness Ziona[4].

What did Ludwik Fleck do for work?

Ludwik Fleck worked as a biologist[5], immunologist[6], physician[7], sociologist[8], and philosopher[9].

Where did Ludwik Fleck go to school?

Ludwik Fleck was educated at Lviv University[27] and Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University[28].

What awards did Ludwik Fleck receive?

Honors received include Polish State Award[29], Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland[30], and Officer of the Order of Polonia Restituta[31].

Who did Ludwik Fleck influence?

Ludwik Fleck has been cited as an influence by Thomas Kuhn[53].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [2] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  2. [4] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  3. [11] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  4. [33] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  5. [12] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  6. [27] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  7. [28] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  8. [17] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  9. [18] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  10. [19] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  11. [20] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  12. [21] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  13. [22] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  14. [23] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  15. [24] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  16. [25] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  17. [5] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  18. [6] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  19. [7] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  20. [8] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  21. [9] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  22. [13] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  23. [14] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  24. [15] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  25. [16] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  26. [26] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  27. [29] ↑ . Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  28. [30] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  29. [31] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  30. [32] ↑ . czlonkowie.pan.pl. Retrieved . czlonkowie.pan.pl. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  31. [34] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  32. [1] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  33. [3] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  34. [35] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  35. [36] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  36. [37] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  37. [38] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  38. [39] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  39. [40] ↑ . BnF authorities. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  40. [41] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  41. [42] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  42. [43] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  43. [44] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  44. [45] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  45. [46] ↑ . ADAGP directory. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  46. [47] ↑ . Retrieved . wikidata.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

  1. [53] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [48] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site

Inline context (facts about related entities)

  1. [54] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [55] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [56] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [57] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [58] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [49] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [50] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [10] ↑ . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [51] ↑ . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [52] ↑ . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

📑 Cite this page

Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Ludwik Fleck. Retrieved October 17, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/ludwik-fleck
MLA “Ludwik Fleck.” 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph, 4ort.xyz, 17 Oct. 2026, https://4ort.xyz/entity/ludwik-fleck.
BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_ludwik-fleck_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Ludwik Fleck}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/ludwik-fleck}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-17}}
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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 3d ago · Epìdosis · 2026-10-15 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14974 → 4866
    Wikipedia languages → ['arz', 'bg', 'commons', 'cs', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fr', 'ha', 'he', 'is', 'it', '
    Sitelink count → 25
    Claims rich → —
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14974: 4866, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/290941|batch #290941]]"
  2. 22w ago · Volodymyr D-k · 2026-05-13 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Award received → Polish State Award, Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland, Officer of the Order of Polonia Restituta
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Award received: Officer of the Order of Polonia Restituta"
  3. 22w ago · Volodymyr D-k · 2026-05-11 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Award received → Polish State Award, Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland, Officer of the Order of Polonia Restituta
    Languages spoken, written or signed → Polish, German, Ukrainian
    "/* wbsetclaim-update:2||1 */ Award received: Polish State Award"
  4. 23w ago · Volodymyr D-k · 2026-05-09 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Award received → Polish State Award, Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland, Officer of the Order of Polonia Restituta
    Educated at → Lviv University, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
    Country of citizenship → Poland
    Copyright representative → reproduction right represented by CISAC-member
    + 26 other properties edited (see Wikidata diff for full list)
    "/* wbsetclaim-update:2||1 */ Date of death: 5 June 1961"
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