Adam Smith

Scottish moral philosopher and political economist (1723–1790)
Person human Q9381
Adam Smith
Etching created by Cadell and Davies (1811), John Horsburgh (1828) or R.C. Bell (1872). · Public Domain · Wikimedia
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Summary

Adam Smith was born on June 5, 1723[1], in Kirkcaldy[2]. He died on July 17, 1790[3], in Edinburgh[4]. He worked as an economist[5], non-fiction writer[6], philosopher[7], writer[8], and university teacher[9]. He ranks in the top 0.43% of human entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (42,413 views/month, #4,314 of 1,000,298).[10]

Key Facts

  • Date of birth: June 5, 1723[11], June 1723[12]
  • Place of burial: Canongate Kirkyard[13]
  • Father: Adam Smith[14]
  • Mother: Margaret Douglas[15]
  • Country of citizenship: Kingdom of Great Britain[16]
  • Occupation: French moralist[17], publisher[18], political economist[19]
  • Field of work: economics[20], ethics[21], political philosophy[22], economic theory[23], economic liberalism[24], philosophy[25], Age of Enlightenment[26]
  • Employer: University of Edinburgh[27], University of Glasgow[28]
  • Educated at: University of Glasgow[29], Balliol College[30], Kirkcaldy High School[31]
  • Doctoral advisor: Francis Hutcheson[32]
  • Notable work: The Theory of Moral Sentiments[33], The Wealth of Nations[34]
  • Award received: Fellow of the Royal Society[35], Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts[36], Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh[37]
  • Member of: Royal Society[38], Royal Society of Edinburgh[39], The Select Society[40], The Poker Club[41]
  • Religion or worldview: deism[42]
  • Influenced by: François Quesnay[43]
  • Sex or gender: male[44]
  • Commons category: Adam Smith (philosopher)[45]
  • Academic degree: Legum Doctor[46]
  • Family name: Smith[47]
  • Given name: Adam[48]
  • Professorship: professor[49]
  • Topic's main category: Category:Adam Smith[50]
  • Commons gallery: Adam Smith[51]
  • Work location: Scotland[52]

Body

Works and Contributions

Things named for Adam Smith include 12838 Adamsmith[53], Adam Smith Award[54], and Adam Smith Prize[55].

Why It Matters

Adam Smith has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[56] He is known by 21 alternative names across languages and contexts.[57]

He has been cited as an influence by Friedrich Engels[58], an economist[59], 1820–1895[60], of Kingdom of Prussia[61], specialised in philosophy[62]; Thomas Sowell[63], an economist[64], b. 1930[65], of United States[66], awarded the National Humanities Medal[67], specialised in economics[68]; Max Stirner[69], a philosopher[70], 1806–1856[71], of Kingdom of Bavaria[72], specialised in philosophy[73]; Charles Koch[74], a businessperson[75], b. 1935[76], of United States[77], awarded the Giuseppe Motta Medal[78]; fiscal conservatism[79], a political ideology[80]; and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi[81], a philosopher[82], 1743–1819[83], of Kingdom of Bavaria[84], specialised in philosophy[85].

Works attributed to him include The Wealth of Nations[86] and The Theory of Moral Sentiments[87]. Entities named for him include 12838 Adamsmith[53], Adam Smith Award[54], and Adam Smith Prize[55].

FAQs

Where was Adam Smith born?

Adam Smith's place of birth was Kirkcaldy[2].

Where did Adam Smith die?

Adam Smith died in Edinburgh[4].

Who were Adam Smith's parents?

Adam Smith's father was Adam Smith[14]. Adam Smith's mother was Margaret Douglas[15].

What did Adam Smith do for work?

Adam Smith worked as an economist[5], non-fiction writer[6], philosopher[7], writer[8], and university teacher[9].

Where did Adam Smith go to school?

Adam Smith was educated at University of Glasgow[29], Balliol College[30], and Kirkcaldy High School[31].

What awards did Adam Smith receive?

Honors received include Fellow of the Royal Society[35], Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts[36], and Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh[37].

Who did Adam Smith influence?

Adam Smith has been cited as an influence by Friedrich Engels[58], Thomas Sowell[63], Max Stirner[69], and Charles Koch[74].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [2] ↑ . Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978). Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  2. [4] ↑ . Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978). Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  3. [44] ↑ . BnF authorities. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  4. [14] ↑ . Encyclopædia Britannica Online. britannica.com. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  5. [15] ↑ . The Peerage. wikidata.org.
  6. [16] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  7. [29] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  8. [30] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  9. [31] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  10. [20] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  11. [21] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  12. [22] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  13. [23] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  14. [24] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  15. [25] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  16. [26] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  17. [5] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  18. [6] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  19. [7] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  20. [8] ↑ . Library of the World's Best Literature. wikidata.org.
  21. [9] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  22. [17] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  23. [18] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  24. [19] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  25. [27] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  26. [28] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  27. [13] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  28. [42] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  29. [35] ↑ . pictures.royalsociety.org. pictures.royalsociety.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  30. [36] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  31. [37] ↑ . bbc.co.uk. bbc.co.uk. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  32. [32] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  33. [45] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  34. [38] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  35. [39] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  36. [40] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  37. [41] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  38. [46] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  39. [1] ↑ . BnF authorities. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  40. [11] ↑ . Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. wikidata.org.
  41. [12] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  42. [3] ↑ . BnF authorities. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  43. [47] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  44. [48] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  45. [43] ↑ . college.columbia.edu. college.columbia.edu. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  46. [33] ↑ . Saraba Yokubo. wikidata.org.
  47. [34] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  48. [49] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  49. [50] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  50. [51] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  51. [52] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

  1. [58] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [63] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [69] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [74] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [79] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [81] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [86] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [87] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [53] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  10. [54] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  11. [55] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site

Inline context (facts about related entities)

  1. [59] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [60] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [61] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [62] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [64] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [65] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [66] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [67] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [68] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  10. [70] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  11. [71] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  12. [72] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  13. [73] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  14. [75] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  15. [76] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  16. [77] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  17. [78] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  18. [80] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  19. [82] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  20. [83] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  21. [84] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  22. [85] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [10] ↑ . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [56] ↑ . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [57] ↑ . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

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Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Adam Smith. Retrieved October 14, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/adam-smith
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BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_adam-smith_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Adam Smith}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/adam-smith}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-14}}
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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 1d ago · Printstream · 2026-10-14 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Wikipedia languages → ['af', 'als', 'am', 'an', 'anp', 'ar', 'ary', 'arz', 'as', 'ast', 'awa', 'ay', '
    P14966 → 2536044
    Sitelink count → 225
    Claims rich → —
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/59775|batch #59775]]: Import P14966"
  2. 7d ago · Epìdosis · 2026-10-08 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Wikipedia languages → ['af', 'als', 'am', 'an', 'anp', 'ar', 'ary', 'arz', 'as', 'ast', 'awa', 'ay', '
    Sitelink count → 225
    Nlb authority id (belarus) → NLB-ar137506
    Claims rich → —
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ Nlb authority id (belarus): NLB-ar137506, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/289805|batch #289805]]"
  3. 8w ago · Mahirtwofivesix · 2026-08-19 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Babelnet id → 00001250n
    Arabic ontology lexical concept id → 151061459
    "/* wbeditentity-statements-multiple-properties-update:0||4 */ added/modified IDs mapped to WordNet 3.1"
  4. 13w ago · Harmonia Amanda · 2026-07-12 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Isfdb author id → 282072, 128035
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ Isfdb author id: 128035, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1783867119437"
  5. 13w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-07-11 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14611 → 136881
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14611: 136881, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/260429|batch #260429]]"
  6. 13w ago · Nyuhn · 2026-07-10 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14541 → 1DRwyj
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/40849|batch #40849]]: ZGBK ID"
  7. 14w ago · Printstream · 2026-07-05 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14608 → 118615033
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14608: 118615033, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1783130387391"
  8. 15w ago · Printstream · 2026-07-02 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14585 → 41598
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14585: 41598, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1782930557898"
  9. 15w ago · Printstream · 2026-06-26 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14536 → 341344
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14536: 341344, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1782462304762"
  10. 16w ago · Susmuffin · 2026-06-24 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Harper's tag → adam-smith
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Harper's tag: adam-smith, Matched to [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/entry/289915487|adam smith (#289915487)]] in [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/catalog/7915|Harper's tag]] #m"
  11. 17w ago · Jindřich Rubeš · 2026-06-12 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Svkkl authority id → p0081366-Smith-Adam-17231790
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ Svkkl authority id: p0081366-Smith-Adam-17231790, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/259497|batch #259497]]"
  12. 20w ago · Iamcarbon · 2026-05-23 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Penguin random house author id → 2147213
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Penguin random house author id: 2147213, add Penguin Random House author ID"
  13. 21w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-05-21 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Occupation → economist, non-fiction writer, philosopher +5
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/32154|batch #32154]]: import P21 and P106 from GND (36)"
  14. 21w ago · Quesotiotyo · 2026-05-20 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14397 → 4395
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14397: 4395, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/258229|batch #258229]]"
  15. 22w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-05-13 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Local thumb → —
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/30853|batch #30853]]: match CERL IDs on the basis of GND (8)"
  16. 23w ago · Bargioni · 2026-05-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Local thumb → —
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/30469|batch #30469]]: add P1810 to P5739 3/3"
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