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red–black tree

self-balancing binary search tree data structure
Class type of: height-balanced binary search tree Q506496

Facts

9 properties
Instance of
data structure
Subclass of
height-balanced binary search tree[3]
Average space complexity
O( n )
Different from
AVL tree[5]
Discoverer or inventor
Rudolf Bayer[2]
Maintained by WikiProject
WikiProject Mathematics[8]
Named by
Leonidas J. Guibas, Robert Sedgewick[6][7]
Time of discovery or invention
1972[4]
Worst-case space complexity
O(n)
🏷️ Also known as
en symmetric binary B-trees en red–black tree en RB tree en red black tree en red-black tree ar شجرة حمراء وسوداء cs červeno-černý strom cs Černo-červený strom cs Červenočerný strom da Rød-sort træ de RB-Baum de Schwarz-Rot-Baum de RS-Baum de rbtree de RotSchwarzBaum de red-black tree de Rot-Schwarz-Baum el κόκκινο-μαύρο δέντρο el ερυθρομαύρο δέντρο es árbol rojo negro
🔖 Identifiers · 11
Image (Wikimedia Commons)
Red-black tree example with NIL.svg ↗
BabelNet ID
01996181n
Brilliant Wiki ID
red-black-tree
Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures ID
redblack
Freebase ID
/m/06kyj
MathWorld ID
Red-BlackTree
Microsoft Academic ID (discontinued)
126248847
PlanetMath ID
RedblackTree
Rosetta Code page ID
Red_black_trees
Stack Exchange tag
stackoverflow.com
Zhihu topic ID
19648609

Report an error or request removal Lineage (PROV-JSON)

🔗 Connections
Named by 2
Robert Sedgewick, Leonidas J. Guibas
Different from 1
AVL tree
Discoverer or inventor 1
Rudolf Bayer
Instance of 1
data structure
Maintained by WikiProject 1
WikiProject Mathematics
Subtypes 1
AA tree
← Different from 1
AVL tree
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Summary

red–black tree is a data structure[1].

Related Entities

Leonidas J. Guibas Robert Sedgewick Rudolf Bayer

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [2] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  2. [3] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  3. [4] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  4. [5] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  5. [6] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  6. [7] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  7. [8] ↑ . wikidata.org.

Class ancestry

  1. [1] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org.

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Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). red–black tree. Retrieved November 7, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/red-black-tree
MLA “red–black tree.” 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph, 4ort.xyz, 7 Nov. 2026, https://4ort.xyz/entity/red-black-tree.
BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_red-black-tree_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{red–black tree}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/red-black-tree}, note = {Accessed: 2026-11-07}}
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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 8w ago · VGMaintenanceBot bot · 2026-09-08 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Named by → Leonidas J. Guibas, Robert Sedgewick
    Instance of → data structure
    Maintained by WikiProject → WikiProject Mathematics
    Different from → AVL tree
    + 2 other properties edited (see Wikidata diff for full list)
    "Added qualifier: MediaWiki page ID: 11328, Add qualifier to Rosetta Code page ID `Red_black_trees`"
Live feed via Wikidata EventStreams. New edits appear within minutes of being made on Wikidata.