Milton Friedman

American economist and statistician (1912–2006)
Person human Q47426
Milton Friedman
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Summary

Milton Friedman was born in Brooklyn[1]. He died in San Francisco[2]. He worked as an economist[3], university teacher[4], statistician[5], and essayist[6]. He ranks in the top 0.48% of human entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (33,434 views/month, #4,763 of 1,000,298).[7]

Key Facts

  • Place of burial: San Francisco Bay[8]
  • Spouse: Rose Friedman[9]
  • Child: David D. Friedman[10], Jan Martel[11]
  • Country of citizenship: United States[12]
  • Native language: English[13]
  • Ethnic group: Jewish people[14]
  • Field of work: economics[15], macroeconomics[16]
  • Employer: University of Chicago[17]
  • Educated at: Rahway High School[18], Columbia University[19], Rutgers University[20], University of Chicago[21], University of Cambridge[22]
  • Doctoral advisor: Simon Kuznets[23]
  • Award received: Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[24], National Medal of Science[25], Adam Smith Award[26], John Bates Clark Medal[27], Presidential Medal of Freedom[28], Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association[29], Fellow of the Econometric Society[30], Fellow of the American Statistical Association[31], honorary doctor of Harvard University[32], Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics[33], New Jersey Hall of Fame[34]
  • Member of: National Academy of Sciences[35], American Academy of Arts and Sciences[36], Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei[37], Mont Pelerin Society[38], American Philosophical Society[39], Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten[40], Institute of Mathematical Statistics[41], Econometric Society[42], Philadelphia Society[43]
  • Religion or worldview: Orthodox Judaism[44], agnostic[45]
  • Sex or gender: male[46]
  • Member of political party: Republican Party[47]
  • Doctoral student: Phillip D. Cagan[48], Harry Markowitz[49], Lester G. Telser[50], David I. Meiselman[51], Neil Wallace[52], Miguel Sidrauski[53], Edgar L. Feige[54], Michael R. Darby[55], Edi Karni[56], Michael Bordo[57], Gerald P., jun. Dwyer[58], George Herbert Borts[59], John J. McCall[60], Boris P. Pesek[61]
  • Commons category: Milton Friedman[62]
  • Cause of death: heart failure[63]

Body

Works and Contributions

Things named for Milton Friedman include Friedman test[64] and Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics[65].

Why It Matters

Milton Friedman has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[66] He is known by 40 alternative names across languages and contexts.[67]

He has been cited as an influence by Thomas Sowell[68], an economist[69], b. 1930[70], of United States[71], awarded the National Humanities Medal[72], specialised in economics[73]; Chicago Boys[74], a group of humans[75]; fiscal conservatism[76], a political ideology[77]; Gary S. Becker[78], an economist[79], 1930–2014[80], of United States[81], awarded the Adam Smith Award[82], specialised in economics[83]; George Stigler[84], an economist[85], 1911–1991[86], of United States[87], awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship[88], specialised in economics[89]; and Andrei Shleifer[90], an economist[91], b. 1961[92], of United States[93], awarded the Sloan Fellowship[94], specialised in economics[95].

He is credited with the discovery of school choice[96] and permanent income hypothesis[97]. Works attributed to him include Capitalism and Freedom[98], Free to Choose[99], and A Monetary History of the United States[100]. Entities named for him include Friedman test[64] and Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics[65].

His notable doctoral advisees include David D. Friedman[101], Harry Markowitz[102], Neil Wallace[103], Phillip D. Cagan[104], and Miguel Sidrauski[105].

FAQs

Where was Milton Friedman born?

Milton Friedman's place of birth was Brooklyn[1].

Where did Milton Friedman die?

Milton Friedman passed away in San Francisco[2].

Who was Milton Friedman married to?

Milton Friedman's spouses include Rose Friedman[9].

What did Milton Friedman do for work?

Milton Friedman worked as an economist[3], university teacher[4], statistician[5], and essayist[6].

Where did Milton Friedman go to school?

Milton Friedman was educated at Rahway High School[18], Columbia University[19], Rutgers University[20], and University of Chicago[21].

What awards did Milton Friedman receive?

Honors received include Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[24], National Medal of Science[25], Adam Smith Award[26], and John Bates Clark Medal[27].

Who did Milton Friedman influence?

Milton Friedman has been cited as an influence by Thomas Sowell[68], Chicago Boys[74], fiscal conservatism[76], and Gary S. Becker[78].

What did Milton Friedman discover?

Milton Friedman is credited as discoverer of school choice[96] and permanent income hypothesis[97].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [1] ↑ . Great Norwegian Encyclopedia. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  2. [2] ↑ . Archive.org. Retrieved . legacy.com. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  3. [46] ↑ . BnF authorities. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  4. [9] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  5. [12] ↑ . news.bbc.co.uk. news.bbc.co.uk. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  6. [10] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  7. [11] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  8. [18] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  9. [19] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  10. [20] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  11. [21] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  12. [22] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  13. [15] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  14. [16] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  15. [47] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  16. [13] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  17. [3] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  18. [4] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  19. [5] ↑ . Statistical Thinking and Methods in Quality Improvement: A Look to the Future. tandfonline.com. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  20. [6] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  21. [17] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  22. [8] ↑ . Find a Grave. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  23. [44] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  24. [45] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  25. [24] ↑ . nobelprize.org. Retrieved . nobelprize.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  26. [25] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  27. [26] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  28. [27] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  29. [28] ↑ . crsreports.congress.gov. crsreports.congress.gov. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  30. [29] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  31. [30] ↑ . econometricsociety.org. Retrieved . econometricsociety.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  32. [31] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  33. [32] ↑ . Schmidt, Friedman, Cousteau, 8 Others Receive Honoraries at Commencement. wikidata.org.
  34. [33] ↑ . Scientific Legacy Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  35. [34] ↑ . njhalloffame.org. njhalloffame.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  36. [14] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  37. [23] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  38. [48] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  39. [49] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  40. [50] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  41. [51] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  42. [52] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  43. [53] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  44. [54] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  45. [55] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  46. [56] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  47. [57] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  48. [58] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  49. [59] ↑ . Mathematics Genealogy Project. wikidata.org.
  50. [60] ↑ . Mathematics Genealogy Project. wikidata.org.
  51. [61] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  52. [62] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  53. [35] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  54. [36] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  55. [37] ↑ . Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  56. [38] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  57. [39] ↑ . NNDB. wikidata.org.
  58. [40] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  59. [41] ↑ . Scientific Legacy Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  60. [42] ↑ . econometricsociety.org. Retrieved . econometricsociety.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  61. [43] ↑ . Archive.org. Retrieved . archive.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  62. [63] ↑ . wikidata.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

  1. [68] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [74] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [76] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [78] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [84] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [90] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [96] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [97] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [98] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  10. [99] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  11. [100] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  12. [101] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  13. [102] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  14. [103] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  15. [104] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  16. [105] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  17. [64] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  18. [65] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site

Inline context (facts about related entities)

  1. [69] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [70] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [71] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [72] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [73] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [75] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [77] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [79] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [80] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  10. [81] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  11. [82] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  12. [83] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  13. [85] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  14. [86] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  15. [87] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  16. [88] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  17. [89] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  18. [91] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  19. [92] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  20. [93] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  21. [94] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  22. [95] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [7] ↑ . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [66] ↑ . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [67] ↑ . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

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Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Milton Friedman. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/milton-friedman
MLA “Milton Friedman.” 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph, 4ort.xyz, 18 Oct. 2026, https://4ort.xyz/entity/milton-friedman.
BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_milton-friedman_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Milton Friedman}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/milton-friedman}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-18}}
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Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 12h ago · OKA bot bot · 2026-10-18 view diff on Wikidata ↗
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  2. 10d ago · Epìdosis · 2026-10-08 view diff on Wikidata ↗
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  3. 24d ago · Kwayst · 2026-09-24 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14724 → 25576062
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  4. 8w ago · Trivialist · 2026-08-20 view diff on Wikidata ↗
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  5. 8w ago · Mahirtwofivesix · 2026-08-19 view diff on Wikidata ↗
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  6. 8w ago · KrBot bot · 2026-08-16 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Accademia nazionale dei lincei id → 909-friedman-milton
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  7. 12w ago · Estevoaei · 2026-07-21 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Enciclopedia galega universal id → 128173
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Enciclopedia galega universal id: 128173, Matched to [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/entry/192261216|Milton Friedman (#192261216)]] in [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/catalog/6936|Enc"
  8. 13w ago · Nyuhn · 2026-07-12 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14541 → jKvm6
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  9. 14w ago · Susmuffin · 2026-07-08 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Harper's tag → milton-friedman
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Harper's tag: milton-friedman, Matched to [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/entry/289943179|milton friedman (#289943179)]] in [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/catalog/7915|Harper'"
  10. 18w ago · Jindřich Rubeš · 2026-06-11 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Svkkl authority id → p0002400-Friedman-Milton-19122006
    Occupation → economist, university teacher, statistician +1
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  11. 21w ago · Adriánmm9520 · 2026-05-19 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Copyright status as a creator → works protected by copyrights
    Local thumb → —
    "/* wbsetclaim-update:2||1|1 */ Field of work: macroeconomics"
  12. 23w ago · Bargioni · 2026-05-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Local thumb → —
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/30468|batch #30468]]: add P1810 to P5739 2/3"
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